The Montauban temples (Tarn-et-Garonne)

The ideas of the Reformation were present as early as 1537 and spread to the majority of the population, with the result that the Reformed ruled the city in 1561. Acknowledged as one of the four safe places for the Protestants awarded by the Saint-Germain-en-Laye Treaty (1570), Montauban was to be considered one of the main French Protestant cities.

The "temple in the School"

Site of the new temple, Place du Coq in Montauban (82) © Collection privée

1565 : The Protestants set up a temple within the building of the Grande Boucherie. A school near the consulate castle is used as a place of public worship and called “the temple in the School“.

At the beginning of the 17th century, the city authorities were obliged to find means of accommodating the large reformed congregation.

The "old Temple"

1609 : the school, , in which the temple was built was destroyed (it is now part of the Lefranc de Pompignan Square) and a larger edifice erected on a bigger area to accommodate more people. This building was called the “old Temple” ; a new temple was built later by Pierre de Levesville.

The "new Temple"

Site of the new temple, Place du Coq in Montauban (82) © Collection privée

1615 : The city authorities and Pierre de Levesville signed an agreement to build a new temple on what is now Place du Coq. This edifice required urban modifications.

1617 : The building of the new temple, called the “new Temple”, was completed. It was built on a centred plan, was 13m high and had a carefully decorated main portal. The front was decorated with spacious monumental pilasters and had two towers containing spiral staircases.

Successive destructions

29 October 1664 : A royal decree ordered the destruction of the “new Temple”. That same decree allowed the extension of the “old Temple”, but the Reformed did not dare take advantage of it.

Early 1665 : The “new Temple” was in ruins. In its place a cross was erected, topped by a cock.

2 June 1683 : A decree of the Toulouse Parliament forbade the practice of “Pretended Reformed Religion” (RPR) worship within the Montauban jurisdiction, and ordered the “old Temple” to be destroyed.

23 June 1683 : Destruction of the “old Temple”.

Les temples protestants après la Révolution

The old faculty of theology in Montauban © Collection privée

A la Révolution, les protestants retrouvent la liberté de culte. La communauté protestante se voit attribuer trois anciennes chapelles catholiques pour son culte.

  • Le temple des Carmes

Construite au 17e siècle, la chapelle du couvent des Carmes est achetée par un négociant protestant, Lauzet. Le 20 janvier 1793, Jeanbon Saint-André, pasteur et conventionnel, obtient la remise officielle aux protestants de la chapelle qui devient le Temple des Carmes. C’est le temple de l’EPUdF.

  • L’ancien temple des Augustins

Comme les Carmes, les Augustins ont fait reconstruire leur couvent après leur retour dans la ville, en 1632. La nouvelle chapelle est bénie en 1665. Mais à la Révolution, la chapelle devient temple protestant. Trois tribunes y sont alors ajoutées. Ce temple n’est plus utilisé aujourd’hui.

  • Le temple Jean-Calvin ou temple de la Faculté

Un couvent à l’intention des Clarisses est construit en 1640. Après la révocation de l’édit de Nantes, on y enferme dans les combles des jeunes filles protestantes pour obtenir par force leur abjuration. Pendant la Révolution, entre 1793 et 1795, l’ancien couvent sert de prison. En juin 1810, un décret impérial remet le bâtiment aux protestants. La chapelle des Clarisses devient lieu de culte réformé.

Académie !

Une faculté de théologie protestante puis un collège Jean-Calvin y sont ouverts.

Dans le temple a été conservé le décor intérieur de la Chapelle, qui est remarquable. Les murs sont couverts de panneaux de chêne sculpté. Le décor de stuc serait dû au sculpteur Ingres, père du peintre. Sur la boiserie supérieure des décors de plâtre datés de 1685 et attribués au sculpteur Dussaud, représentent des objets de culte, des attributs de musique, des nœuds de ruban. Le plafond est orné d’un trompe l’œil.

Ce temple est depuis 1938 celui de l’UNEPREF.

 

Progress in the tour

Bibliography

  • Books
    • DUBIEF Henri et POUJOL Jacques, La France protestante, Histoire et Lieux de mémoire, Max Chaleil éditeur, Montpellier, 1992, rééd. 2006, p. 450
    • GUICHARNAUD Hélène, Guide historique des rues de Montauban, Montauban, 1992, Tome 3, p. 500
    • GUICHARNAUD Hélène, Montauban au XVIIe siècle, 1560-1685 – Urbanisme et architecture, Picard, Paris, 1991
    • LAURENT René, Promenade à travers les temples de France, Les Presses du Languedoc, Millau, 1996, p. 520
    • REYMOND Bernard, L’architecture religieuse des protestants, Labor et Fides, Genève, 1996

Associated tours

Associated notes

Montauban, l'ancienne faculté de théologie (2)

The Montauban Faculty of Theology in the 19th century

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Die Akademien

The Reformed Academies in the XVIth and XVIIth centuries

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Jeanbon Saint-André (1749-1813), par David (2)

André Jeanbon Saint-André (1749-1813)

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Divisions and regroupings in the Reformed Church

Betweeen 1802 and 1938 the Reformed Church underwent dramatic modification in their organisation.
Hôtel du Sénéchal, Montauban

Promenade protestante dans Montauban

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Les places de sûreté en 1570

Protestant Strongholds

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The United Protestant Church of France– Lutheran and Reformed Communion

After failed attempts to establish unity between Lutherans and Reformed at the time of the Reformation, the united Churches were created in Germany after 1717. In 1973, the Leuenberg Agreement...